SEE Science (Classification of plants and animals) Notes

Classification of plants and animals

1.     What is nomenclature? Define 'Binomial system of Nomenclature' with one example.

Ans:  The process of giving scientific name to an organism is called nomenclature.

The system of assigning two names first generic name and second specific name to an organism is called binomial system of nomenclature.

For example: The scientific name of human being is Homo sapiens, where 'Homo' is the generic name i.e. name of the genus and 'sapiens'   is the specific name i.e. name of the species.

2.    Write down the scientific name of
a.    Frog - Rana tigrina
b.    Mustard plant -Brassica campestris
c.    Maize plant - Zea mays
d.    Cat – Felis domesticus
e.    Elephant – Elephus maximus
f.    Tiger – Panthera tigris
g.    Man – Homo sapiens
h.    Peepal – Ficus religiosa
i.    Pea – Pisum sativum
j.    Lion – Panthera leo
k.    Leopard – Panthera pardus
l.    Cauliflower – Brassica oleracea
m.   Dog – Canis familiaris
n.    Bayan – Ficus benghalensis

3.    Gymnosperm has no real fruit, why?

Ans: Gymnosperm has no real fruit because it has ovules without ovary so that double fertilization is impossible.

4.    Write down any one difference between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants on the basis of their root structure.

Ans:Monocots have fibrous root system whereas dicots have tap root system.

5.    Classify the given plants with one characteristic of each:                                                                

Ans:              A) Bamboo

Classification:

Kingdom → Plant

Sub-kingdom → Phanerogams

Division → Spermatophyta

Sub-division → Angiosperms

Class: Monocotyledon

Type→ Bamboo

Characteristic: They have long and narrow leaves with parallel venation.

            B) Cycas

     Classification:

Kingdom → Plant

Sub-kingdom → Phanerogams

Division → Spermatophyta

Sub-division → Gymnosperm

Type→ Cycas

Characteristic: Seeds are naked without fruit walls.

C)    Pistia
Classification:
Kingdom → Plant
Sub-kingdom → Phanerogams
Division → Spermatophyta
Sub-division → Angiosperms
Class: Dicotyledons
Type → Pistia

Characteristics: They have tape root system.

D)   Mustard plant
Classification:
Kingdom: Plant
Sub-kingdom: Phanerogams
Division: Spermatophyta
Sub-division: Angiosperms
Class: Dicotyledons
Type: Mustard
Characteristics: It has tap root.

E)    Sugarcane
Classification:
Kingdom: Plant
Sub-kingdom: Phanerogams
Division: Spermatophyta
Sub-division: Angiosperms
Class: Monocotyledon
Type: Sugarcane
Characteristics: It has fibrous root.

6.    Differentiate between gymnosperms and angiosperms.

Gymnosperms	Angiosperms
1. They bear cones instead of flowers.	1. They have well-developed flowers.
2. They have naked seeds.	2. Their seeds are enclosed inside the true fruits.
3. They have long and pointed leaves.	3. They have large and broad leaves.

7.    Write down any two characteristics of plants that belong to division gymnosperm.
Ans: Characteristics of plants that belong to division gymnosperm are:

a)     They have naked seeds i.e. seeds are not enclosed in fruits.

b)     They bears cone instead of flowers.

c)     Pollination takes place by wind.

8.    Difference between onion and mustard on the basis of structure of their leaves and root.

Onion	Mustard
They have fibrous root.	They have tap root.
They have long and narrow leaves with parallel venation.	They hove short and broad leaves with reticular venation.

9.    Characteristic of monocotyledons plants.

Ans: Characteristic of monocotyledons plants are:

a)     They bear single cotyledon in their seed.   

b)     They have fibrous roots.

c)     They have long and narrow leaves with parallel venation.

10.  What are amphibians? Write down the characteristics of the class amphibian with examples.

Ans: Amphibians are the cold-blood vertebrates adapted to live on land and in water.

The characteristics of the class amphibian are given below:

                  i.    Body is divided into head and trunk.

                 ii.    They have two pairs of limbs.

                iii.    They have three-chambered heart.

                 iv.    Breathing takes place with the help of skin in water and lungs on land.

                  v.    They are oviparous and the fertilization is external.

Examples: Frog (Ran), Toad (Bufo), Tree frog (Hyla), Salamander etc.

 

11.  Why bat is kept in class Mammalia?
Ans: Bat is kept in class Mammalia because it has hair on its body and gives birth to its young once and suckles them on milk produced by mammary glands of the female bat.

12.  What is Chordata?
Ans: the animals which possess a notochord at any stage of their life are called Chordatas.

13.  Name the class of whale and characteristic of it.
Ans: Class of whale is Mammalia.
Characteristic: They have well-developed sense organs and the heart is four chambered.

14.  Difference between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants.

Monocotyledonous plants	Dicotyledonous plants
They bear single cotyledon in their seeds.	They bear two cotyledons in their seeds.
They have fibrous root.	They have tap root.
The leaves show parallel venation.	The leaves show reticular venation.

15.  Name the class/ division of animals and plants having given characteristics:

a)    Living in fresh water, respiration with gills, having fins.

Ans: Class: Pisces

b)    Marine, giving birth, respiration with lungs.

Ans: Class: Mammalia

c)    Dicotyledonous, having tap root and reticular venation.

Ans: Division: Spermatophyta

16.  Give the name, division of the plant with the following characters and write one other character.

a)    Seeds are enclosed in fruits.

Ans: Name: Sugarcane, Pea, Sunflower etc.

        Division: Spermatophyta

        Characteristic: They bear flowers.   
        

b)    Fibrous roots are found.

Ans: Name: Sugarcane, Bamboo, Rice etc.

        Division: Spermatophyta

        Characteristic: They bear single cotyledons in their seed.      



     

17.  What are reptiles? Write down the characteristics of the class reptilian with important examples.
Ans: Reptiles are the crawling (creeping) cold-blooded vertebrates. The characteristics of the class reptile are given below:

b.     The body is covered with hard, dry and horny scales.

c.      The body is divided into head, neck, trunk and tail.

d.     Breathing takes place with the help of lungs.

e.     They have three-chambered heart but crocodiles have four-chambered heart.

f.      They are oviparous and fertilization is internal.

Examples: Garden lizard, House wall lizard, Cobra, Gharial, Tortoise, crocodile etc.

18.  Write down the important features of the animals belonging to the class aves with examples.

Ans: The important features of the animals belonging to the class aves:

g.      The body is covered with feathers.

h.     Their body is divided into head, neck, trunk and tail.

i.      They are oviparous and fertilization is internal.

j.      Teeth less beak are present.

k.      They are warm-blooded animals.

l.      They have four-chambered heart

m.     Breathing takes place with the help of lungs.

Examples: Chicken, Sparrow, Crow, Pigeon, Owl, Peacock, Vulture, Daphne, Dove, Parrot, Duck, etc.

19.  Which phylum does Ostrich belong? Mention also one characteristic of it.

Ans: Ostrich belongs to the phylum Chordata.

        Characteristic: Its body is covered with feathers.

20.  Classify the given organisms with one character:

A)   Sea horse

Kingdom: Animal

Phylum: Chordata

Sub-phylum: Vertebrata

Class: Pisces

Type: Sea horse

Characteristic: Breathing takes place through gills.
         

B)    Frog

Kingdom: Animal

Phylum: Chordata

Sub-phylum: Vertebrata

Class: Amphibia

Type: Frog

Characteristic: Their skin is usually thin, soft and moist.

C)    Rabbit

Kingdom: Animal

Phylum: Chordata

Sub-phylum: Vertebrata

Class: Mammalia

Type: Rabbit

Characteristic: Their body is covered with hair.

D)   Maize

Kingdom: Plant

Sub-kingdom: Phanerogams

Division:  Spermatophyta
Sub-division: Angiosperms

Class: Monocotyledon

Type: Maize

Characteristic: They bear single cotyledon in their seeds.

E)    Mushroom

Kingdom: Plant

Sub-kingdom: Cryptograms

Division: Thallophyta

Sub-division: Fungi

Type: Mushroom

Characteristic: They lack chlorophyll and cannot synthesize its own food.

F)    Bat

Kingdom: Animal

Phylum: Chordata

Sub-phylum: Vertebrata

Class: Mammalia

Type: Bat

Characteristic: Body is covered with hair.

15.  Write Phylum/division of the following living beings:
a.    Body is covered with hair, viviparous.
Ans: Phylum: Chordata, Class: Mammalia

b.    Plant without true fruits, cone-bearing.
Ans: Division: Spermatophyta

16.  Name the phylum/division of the organisms given below:

       i.   Maize

Ans: Division: Spermatophyta

       ii.   Ostrich

Ans: Phylum: Chordata

      iii.   Dolphin

Ans: Phylum: Chordata

      iv.   Snake

Ans: Phylum: Chordata

       v.   Pig

Ans: Phylum: Chordata

      vi.   Bufo

Ans: Phylum: Chordata

     vii.   Crocodile

An s: Phylum: Chordata

     viii.   Mango

Ans: Division: Spermatophyta

17.  Amphibians are kept in phylum chordate.
Ans: Amphibians are kept in phylum chordate because

a.      Notochord is present in early stage of development.

b.     Dorsal tubular nerve cord is present.

c.      Closed blood system is present.

18.  Write one main characteristics of following living beings:

Pinus, Lizard, Whale, onion

Ans: Pinus- They have naked seeds.

        Lizard – Body is covered with hard and dry scales.

        Whale – Whale gives birth directly to its young ones.

     Onion - They have fibrous root.

19.  Name the class of whale and write its one main characteristic.
Ans: Whale belongs to the class Mammalia.
Characteristic: Mammary glands are present.

20.  Write division or class of the following organisms with a characteristic of each.

i)     Cycas  ii) Bat

Ans: 
i) Cycas

Division: Spermatophyta

Characteristic: They have naked seeds.

ii) Bat

Class: Mammalia

Characteristic: Mammary glands are present.