SEE Social Studies Notes (Unit 4: Civic Awareness: Peace, Democracy, Constitution and Elections)

Unit 4: Civic Awareness: Peace, Democracy, Constitution and Elections

26. Those who send peace force to other countries should be able to establish peace within the country. In this reference, write down the measures to establish peace in the long run in Nepal.

Ans. The following are the measures to establish peace in Nepal.

a) National Unity:

The political leaders of our nation should stop dancing to foreign tunes and should co-operate and co-ordinate with each other for the good of the country and countrymen.

b) Strict laws:

The government should make strong laws that can serve death penalty, life imprisonment to those involved in kidnapping, murder, rape, corruption and the government should implement those laws.

c) Infrastructure Development:

The infrastructures of development (Education, health, transportation, electricity, communication and drinking water) should be expanded to all corners to the country and the doors of economic development should be opened.

d) Job opportunities:

Utilizing the available resources within the country, different industries should be set up and employment opportunities should be provided to people.

27. How has the 'Principle of Power Balance' been implemented between the executive and the legislative in accordance with the present constitution of Nepal? Mention in four points.

Ans: The principle of power Balance has been implemented between the executive and the legislative in accordance with the present constitution of Nepal in the following ways:

a. The prime Minister is a member of the legislative. He needs majority support from the legislative.

b. The Council of Ministers is responsible to the legislative for its policies and programes.

c. The executive can issue ordinance when there is not session of the legislative.

d. The session of the legislative is summoned, adjourned, postponed and concluded by the President who is a part of the executive.

28. If you were the chairman of a political party, what sort of Election Manifesto would you prepare for the general election? Write in brief.

If I were the chairman of a political party, I would have prepared the Election Manifesto

Rastriya Kalyan party

Brothers and sisters,

As other previous election, we have come to you for your kind support in this election also. We always got your kind support and vote, this year also we hope to get your kind favor. We want to bring some changes and carry out our plans and policies as following when we win this election-
a) Objective of our party: We believe in republic and act according the situation and people's will. We believe in cooperation and mutual understanding.
b) View towards country: We believe that Nepal is multi ethnic, multilingual, sovereign, indivisible, secular and independent country. Our party always tries to maintain such features of Nepal.
c) Education: If we win the election. We have planned to provide free education up to SEE (Grade 10). In every city, there would be Government College, where students can get education at cheap fees. There will be limited private colleges. The teachers will be provided training by the government.
d) Industry: All the key industries will be set government sector. People will allowed to establish industries in private sector as per specified by the government. Our party believes in mixed economy. Our government will try to establish industries at different places to provide jobs to the youths.
e) Health facilities: If we get the chance to form the government, we will try to provide cheap health facilities to the people. In every province, our government will try to establish one provincial hospital and one hospital in every district. People will be given license to established private clinics, pharmacy and medicine factories. Our government will try to establish at least one medical college in each province. The paramedical colleges also will be given permission to establish.
f) Foreign policies: Nepal will follow non-align foreign policy. Our government will try to establish diplomatic relation with all peace-loving countries on the basis of Panchsheel.

In this way we have our plans to carry our development in other sectors also.

29. Mention any five causes behind the failure in institutionalizing the achievements of people's movements in Nepal as per the expectations. Explain in brief two roles of each of government and political parties to institutionalize such achievements.

Ans: Nepalese people have fought several times for democracy and have obtained a lot of success at a high cost of blood and sweat. But some achievements have not been institutionalized and protected. Both government and political parties are responsible for such losses; for institutionalizing the achievements, they should play important roles as discussed below:

A. Role of the Government:

In democracy the government is run by political parties in majority. It should run according to the public will and mandate. The government can play a leading role in institutionalizing the democratic achievements. It has the following responsibilities for the same:

a) Run according to the popular will expressed in democratic movements and elections,

b) Maintain a harmonious relation with all political parties and win their confidence,

c) Address the demands of the people as far as means and resources allow,

d) Launch programs for the upliftment of downtrodden, janajatis, madhesis, women and children and the mass of the poor Nepalese people,

e) Ensure rule of law, peace and security,

f) Eliminate all kinds of exploitation, discrimination and social evils like untouchability and sex discrimination.

B. Role of political parties:

a) Build up consensus among the major political parties of the country,

b) Achieve common consensus for the decisions of national importance,

c) Show honor and respect to the brave martyrs who sacrificed their life for the nation's good,

d) Raise voice against every type of irregularities, corruption and prejudices,

e) Train ordinary people and make them politically aware and alert,

f) Rise above party benefit and work for the welfare of people and the benefit of the government, point out the pitfalls and follies of the government and pressurize it for correction.

Or

The common people have a lot of expectations from the people's movement. So many youths have sacrificed their lives. But the expectations were not fulfilled. The reasons may be as follows:

a) There is no any leader who can bring the different political parties to common agreement on national issues.

b) The leaders of the political parties try to show down other leaders. They only search loopholes of others.

c) The intellects of civil society participate during movement, but after the movement they become inactive.

d) There is no security of life and property.

e) The corruption is increasing under the shelter of some political leaders.

To make the achievements more effective, the following suggestions are given:

To political parties:

a) The political parties must co-operate each other on national issues.

b) The leaders of political parties should not involve themselves only in getting chair. No political protection for culprits.

To government:

a) The government must maintain law and order. The culprit must be punished, he/she may belong to any party.

b) The development works must get continuity.

c) The rule of law should be established.

30. Multiparty system is the most popular ruling system in the world. However, the trust of Nepalese people on the political parties is declining. What efforts should be made by the parties to increase people's trust? Write in four points.

Ans: In multiparty system, public grievances can be brought before the people and the government. The political parties try to win the favour of the people. If the ruling party does not work according to the people's wish, it is thrown in next election by ballot. In this system, the government can be changed by ballot in peaceful manner. But in Nepal, the political parties have not fulfilled the people's desires. They are engaged in unhealthy competition of obtaining power. There is no peace in the country. Corruption is increasing. The constitution has not been implemented properly. Human rights are violated. The trust of people on political parties is decreasing. So, to regain the faith of public the political parties should do:

a) They should avoid the unhealthy competition of capturing power.

b) The political parties should not protect the culprits.

c) The public grievances should listen to people. They should try to solve the grievances of the people.

d) All party should unite on national issues.

e) The system of cooperation and mutual understanding should be carried on.

f) The leaders of the political parties must be fair. Their work should be clear and spotless.

g) They must co-operate government to maintain law and order in the country.

h) They should be highly democratic.

i) The leaders should be honest, efficient and devoted to people.

j) They should give better priority to the good of the nation rather than to that of their personal wish and party benefit.

k) The income as well as the activities of the party should be transparent.

31. Write any four main features of the Constitution of Nepal, 2015.

Ans: Nepal's present constitution came into force on 20 September 2015 (Asoj 3, 2072 B.S.). Four of its main features are:

a) Federal democratic republic:

Power is shared between the central (federal) government, 7 provincial governments and 753 local governments. There is no king, and people elect their leaders at every level.

b) Inclusive and proportional representation:

Women, Dalits, indigenous nationalities, Madhesis and other groups that were left behind get seats through proportional representation. Women must hold at least one-third of the seats in the federal parliament.

c) Fundamental rights:

Citizens get 31 fundamental rights, for example the rights to education, health, food, work and social justice. No law is allowed to give the death penalty.

d) Secular state and multiparty system:

The state does not favour any one religion. Many political parties compete freely, elections are held regularly, the courts are independent and everyone is bound by the rule of law.

32. Roles of citizens during election

Election is an important process of the democratic system. It is the process of choosing the appropriate candidates by citizen of the country. As the candidates and political parties are chosen by the votes of the citizens, the citizens have the important role in the process of election. The role of citizens in election is explained in the following points:

a) Updating voters list:

Some people may reach the age of 18 years and some may die due to old and other causes. The citizens should help the election commission to include the names of youths and remove the names of dead.

b) Correcting names:

The names and age of the voters may be wrong in the voter's list. The citizens have to help such voters to correct their names and process of correcting the name and age. The application form should be given to correct these mistakes.

c) Awareness for election process:

The citizens have to make the family members and the neighbors aware about the process of election. The necessary discussion should be made to make them aware.

d) Knowledge of manifesto:

Political parties are supported by the policies and programs declared in their manifestos. Thus, the voters should make aware about the manifestos of political parties.

e) Aware the people to vote:

The vote of the voters can choose a person who can do much for the betterment of the citizen and the country. So the citizen should be made aware to cast vote in the election without any benefit of any kind. This will help to choose the appropriate candidate for post.

f) Awareness of symbols and voting process:

Different political parties and independent candidates have different symbols in which the voters have to stamp to vote them. The voting process may be difficult for many voters. The enlightened citizens have to make them aware about them.

g) Awareness for political parties:

Various parties take part in the election. The people of backward areas should be made aware about the political parties of Nepal. This will help the voters to choose appropriate party.

33. A candidate for member of the House of Representatives should have the following qualifications:

a) Should be a citizen of Nepal.

b) Should be at least of age 25 years.

c) Should not be punished for any criminal cases and moral disgrace.

d) Should not be disqualified by any law of Nepal.

e) Should not be holding any public post of profit.