Definitions (Blood Circulation)


BLOOD CIRCULATION



Circulatory system: The system of body which helps in transportation of nutrients and oxygen to tissues and collects their waste products.


Blood: Blood is a fluid connective tissue that circulates in a closed system of blood vessels.


Plasma: A transparent, pale yellowish fluid which is non living and contains several substance like hormones, antibodies etc.


RBC: A circular biconcave and disc like structure present in plasma which carries oxygen is called RBC.


Hemoglobin: The iron rich red coloured respiratory pigment.


Anemia: the disease caused due to decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in RBC is called anemia.


WBC : WBC are colourless irregular in shape which have nucleus.


Leucopenia: it is the condition in which there is decrease in the number of RBC


Leukaemea: it is the condition in which there is increase in the number of WBC than normal.


Platelets: The platelets are small, colourless, rounded or ovals shape formed form giant cells of the bone marrow.


Coagulation: The mechanism of formation of a plug like structure ate injuries to prevent loss of blood.


Polycythemia: An abnormal increase in the number of RBC in blood.


Hemophilia: A hereditary disease in which the blood loses its ability of clot and leading to slow and persistent bleeding.


Thrombopenia: An abnormal decrease in the number of platelets.


Pericardium: A double layered membrane sac that enclosed the heart.


Pericardial fluid: The heart is surrounded by two delicate membranes called pericardial membranes between which there is a fluid called pericardial fluid.


Heart: The pumping organ that pumps the blood through the body.


Heart beat: The rhythmic contraction and relaxation of heart is called heart beat.


Valves: The apertures which allow only unidirectional flow of blood through the heart are called valves.


Septum: The muscular portion which divides heart into right and left halves is called septum.


Pericardial cavity: The narrow cavity between the two layers is called pericardial cavity.


Systole: The contraction phase of the ventricle of heart is called systole.


Diastole: The relaxation phase of the ventricles of the heart is called diastole.


Blood vessels: The tubes, through blood flows in the body are known as blood vessels.


Artery: The thick walled blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart are called artery.


Veins: The thin walled blood vessel which carries blood from various parts of body into the heart is called veins.


Capillaries: Microscopic, extremely narrow and thin walled blood vessels which connect arteries and veins are called capillaries.


Blood pressure: The force exerted by blood on the walls of arteries is called blood pressure.


Systolic pressure: The blood pressure inside the arteries during the ventricular contraction.


Diastolic pressure: The pressure inside the arteries during the ventricular relaxation is called diastolic pressure.


Hypertension: The condition of high blood pressure which is caused by the constriction of arteries.


Sphygmomanometer: The instrument which is used to measure the human blood pressure is called sphygmomanometer.  


Systemic circulation: The circulation of blood in between the heart and different parts of the body except the lung is called systemic circulation.


Pulmonary circulation: The circulation of blood in between heart and lung is called pulmonary circulation.


Pulse: The abrupt expansion of artery resulting from the sudden ejection of blood into the aorta and its transmission through the arterial system.


Pulse rate: The number of heart beat per minute is called pulse rate.




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