Definitions (Blood Circulation)

BLOOD CIRCULATION

Circulatory system: The system of body which helps in transportation of nutrients and oxygen to tissues and collects their waste products.

Blood: Blood is a fluid connective tissue that circulates in a closed system of blood vessels.

Plasma: A transparent, pale yellowish fluid which is non living and contains several substance like hormones, antibodies etc.

RBC: A circular biconcave and disc like structure present in plasma which carries oxygen is called RBC.

Hemoglobin: The iron rich red coloured respiratory pigment.

Anemia: the disease caused due to decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in RBC is called anemia.

WBC : WBCs are colourless, irregular-shaped blood cells which have a nucleus.

Leucopenia: it is the condition in which there is decrease in the number of WBC

Leukaemia: it is the condition in which there is increase in the number of WBC than normal.

Platelets: The platelets are small, colourless, rounded or oval-shaped formed from giant cells of the bone marrow.

Coagulation: The mechanism of formation of a plug like structure at injuries to prevent loss of blood.

Polycythemia: An abnormal increase in the number of RBC in blood.

Hemophilia: A hereditary disease in which the blood loses its ability to clot and leading to slow and persistent bleeding.

Thrombopenia: An abnormal decrease in the number of platelets.

Pericardium: A double layered membrane sac that encloses the heart.

Pericardial fluid: The heart is surrounded by two delicate membranes called pericardial membranes between which there is a fluid called pericardial fluid.

Heart: The pumping organ that pumps the blood through the body.

Heart beat: The rhythmic contraction and relaxation of heart is called heart beat.

Valves: The apertures which allow only unidirectional flow of blood through the heart are called valves.

Septum: The muscular portion which divides heart into right and left halves is called septum.

Pericardial cavity: The narrow cavity between the two layers is called pericardial cavity.

Systole: The contraction phase of the ventricle of heart is called systole.

Diastole: The relaxation phase of the ventricles of the heart is called diastole.

Blood vessels: The tubes through which blood flows in the body are known as blood vessels.

Artery: The thick walled blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart are called artery.

Veins: The thin walled blood vessel which carries blood from various parts of body into the heart is called veins.

Capillaries: Microscopic, extremely narrow and thin walled blood vessels which connect arteries and veins are called capillaries.

Blood pressure: The force exerted by blood on the walls of arteries is called blood pressure.

Systolic pressure: The blood pressure inside the arteries during the ventricular contraction.

Diastolic pressure: The pressure inside the arteries during the ventricular relaxation is called diastolic pressure.

Hypertension: The condition of high blood pressure which is caused by the constriction of arteries.

Sphygmomanometer: The instrument which is used to measure the human blood pressure is called sphygmomanometer.

Systemic circulation: The circulation of blood in between the heart and different parts of the body except the lung is called systemic circulation.

Pulmonary circulation: The circulation of blood in between heart and lung is called pulmonary circulation.

Pulse: The abrupt expansion of artery resulting from the sudden ejection of blood into the aorta and its transmission through the arterial system.

Pulse rate: The number of pulses (heartbeats) felt per minute is called pulse rate.