Definitions (Electricity and Magnetism)
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
Electric circuit: The path of electricity through which it
flows is called electric circuit.
Closed electric circuit: It is the type of electric circuit in
which the switch is closed and electricity flows is called close circuit.
Open electric circuit: It is that type of electric circuit in
which the switch is off and the electricity does not flow is called open
circuit.
Series combination of cell: The cells are said to be in series
combination if the positive terminal of first cell is connected to negative
terminal of second cell and positive terminal of second cell is connected to
negative terminal of third cell and so on is called series combination of cell.
Parallel combination of cells: The cells are said to be in parallel
combination if the negative terminal of cell is connected to one common point
and positive terminal of all cells is connected to another common point is
called parallel combination of cells.
Series combination of resistors: When a number of
resistors in a circuit are connected from end to end in a circuit it is called
series combination of resistors.
Parallel combination of resistors: When a number of
resistors in a circuit are connected between two points is called parallel
combination of resistors.
Electric power: The electric power of a device is the
rate at which it converts electrical energy into other form of energy.
Current rating of wire:
The maximum current that can be passed through the wire with safety is
called current rating of wire.
Fuse rating: The maximum current that can be passed though fuse without
melting is called fuse rating.
Overloading: Overloading is the condition, when a current passed through the
wire is more than its capacity due to which wire may damage or burn.
Short-circuit: It is the condition in which neutral
wire and phase wire touch each other directly.
Fuse: Fuse is a short piece of safety wire made of tin and leads having low melting point.
One –kilowatt hour = it is the energy consumed by an electrical device of power 1KW for 1hour.
Earthing: Earthing is the process
of connecting the metallic body of an electrical device to the earth by
conducting wire.
MCB :
It is a device used to protect household wiring from overloading or short
circuit.
Direct current:
The current which do not change its polarity with time is called direct
current.
Alternating current: The current which changes its polarity with
time is called alternating current.
Heating effect of current: When electric current is passed through
a conductor, it gets heated up. This is called heating effect of current.
Heating element: The coil or wire which that converts
electrical energy into heat energy is called heating element.
Lighting effect of current: when electric current passes through
some electrical appliances, they change electrical energy into light energy. This
is called the lighting effect of current.
Magnetic effect of current: When an electric current is passed
through a conductor it behaves as like a magnet. This is called magnetic effect
of current.
Electromagnet: A solenoid behaves like a magnet during
the flow of electric current through it. This is known as electromagnet.
Electric bell: It is a source of sound that converts
electrical energy into sound energy.
Chemical effect of current: When current is passed through a liquid,
it undergoes some chemical changes. The effect is called chemical effect.
Electrolysis: It is the process of decomposition of an
electrolytic solution into its constituent by passing electric current through
it.
Electroplating: It is a process of depositing a thin
layer of a metal over a conducting surface by the process of electrolysis.
Magnetic flux: The number of magnetic lines of force
passing through the conductor is called magnetic flux.
Electromagnetic flux: it is defined as the number of magnetic lines
of force passing the surface held perpendicular to these lines of force.
Electromagnetic induction: Whenever the magnetic flux linked with a
closed circuit change, an emf is induced
in the circuit called induced e.m.f. This phenomenon is called electromagnetic
induction.
Induced current: The current produced in a conductor by
electromagnetic induction is called induced current.
Generator or dynamo: The device which converts mechanical
energy into electrical energy is called generator or dynamo.
Electromotive force:
It is measured in volts (V).
It is equal to the potential difference across the terminals of the cell when no current is flowing.
Fleming's left hand rule: According to Fleming's left hand rule, if the thumb, fore-finger and middle finger of the left hand are stretched to be perpendicular to each other and the hand oriented so that the fore finger represents the direction of magnetic field, the middle finger represents the direction of current, then the thumb represents the direction of force.
Electric motor: The device which converts electrical
energy into light energy is called electric motor.
Motor effect: The turning effect produced in current
carrying conductor when it is placed in magnetic field.
Fleming's right hand rule:
Transformer: The device, which
convert high AC voltage to Low and vice versa is called transformer.
Step up transformer: The transformer which converts low AC
voltage to high AC voltage is called step up transformer.
Step down transformer: The transformer which converts AC
voltage to high AC voltage is called step up transformer.
Input voltage: The potential difference of input current
is called input voltage.
Output Voltage: The potential difference of output
current is called input voltage.
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