Definitions (Acid, Base and Salt)
ACID, BASE AND SALT
Acid: The substance which gives hydrogen ion (H+) when
dissolved in aqueous solution is called acid.
Weak acid: Those acids which produces less hydrogen ion
due to less ionization when dissolved in aqueous solution.
Strong Acid: Those acids which undergoes almost complete
ionization in aqueous solution to produce hydrogen ion.
Organic acids: Acids which are obtained from living organisms
and contain carbon in their molecule structure.
Inorganic
acids: Those acids which are obtained from minerals found on the earth’s
crust and do not contain carbon atom in their structure is called inorganic
acids.
Base: The substance which gives hydroxyl ion (OH-) when dissolved in aqueous solution is called base.
Concentrated acid: An acid which contains very little amount of acid.
Dilute acid: The acid which contain more water are called
dilute acids.
Alkalis: The bases which are highly soluble in water
are called alkalis.
Strong base: Those bases which undergoes ionization to
produce high concentration of hydroxyl ion in an aqueous solution.
Weak bases: Those bases which do not undergo complete
ionization in an aqueous solution.
Antacids: A weak base which neutralizes the excess acid
in the stomach is called antacid. E.g. Mg(OH)2.
Salt: A compound formed by partial or complete replacement of the
hydrogen ion of an acid by a metal or electropositive ion or radical.
Normal/neutral salt: Those salts which are produced by the
reaction of strong acids and strong base is called normal or neutral salt.
Acidic salt: Those salts which are produced by the reaction
of strong acid with weak base are called acidic salt.
Basic salt: Those salt which are produced by the reaction
of weak acid with strong base.
Indicators: Chemical substances which are used for
identifying whether the given substance is acid or base are called indicators.
Universal indicators: A mixture of simple indicators which
are used for identifying the acidic and basic characteristics as well as the
strength of acid or base is called universal indicators.
pH = The measure of the H+ ions concentration
present in the given solution.
pH scale : A standard scale which is used to for
measuring the approximate strength of acid or base.
pH meter: A man made instrument used for measuring the
pH value of given solution directly or indirectly in the numbers.
Dry ice: The white solid form of carbon dioxide when it
is compressed to high pressure and subsequently cooled to -78
Haber’s process: T he process of manufacture of ammonia by direct combination of Nitrogen and Hydrogen
under special condition is called Haber’s process.
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