Definitions (Classification of Organisms)
CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS
Taxonomy: The branch of science which deals with
identification, nomenclature and classification of animals and plants.
Classification: The arrangement of organisms into various groups
and sub groups on the basis of similar and dissimilar characteristics is called
classification.
Nomenclature: The process of giving scientific name to an
organism is called nomenclature.
Binomial system of nomenclature: The system of
assigning two names first generic name and second specific name to an organism
is called binomial system of nomenclature.
Genus: A taxonomic category ranking below a family and above a
species and generally consisting of a group of species existing similar
characteristics.
Species: A group of closely related organisms which
resembles one another in all essential morphological and reproductive
characters and can interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring.
Taxonomic hierarchy: The arrangement of taxonomic groups in their
proper order according to their taxonomic character is called taxonomic
hierarchy.
Phanerogams: The plant which bears flower and seeds are
called Phanerogams.
Gymnosperms: The plants whose seeds are naked or not
enclose in fruits are called gymnosperm.
Angiosperm: Angiosperm is the well developed flowering
plants whose seeds are enclosed inside fruits.
Monocotyledon: The plants which contain only one cotyledon in
their seed are called monocotyledon.
Dicotyledon: The plants which contain two cotyledons in
their seeds are called di-cotyledon.
Chordates: Chordates are the advanced animals which
posses a notochord in their body is called chordates.
Notochord: Notochord is a flexible rod-like structure
running along the dorsal surface of chordate embryos ventral to the nerve
chord.
Vertebrates: Vertebrates are the animal which have backbone
or vertebral animals.
Warm-blooded animals: The animals whose body temperature remain
constant and do not change according to the environment are called
Homoeothermic or Warm-blooded animals.
Cold-blooded animals: The animal whose body temperature
changes according to the sourrounding is called Poikilothermic or Cold-blooded
animals.
Amphibians: the cold blooded vertebrates adapted to live
both on land and in water.
Reptiles: The cold blooded vertebrates which crawl on
the ground.
Mammals: mammals are the most advanced vertebrates which
give direct birth to their babies are called mammals.
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