Definitions (Hydrocarbons)

HYDROCARBONS

Hydrocarbon: Compounds of hydrogen and carbon are called hydrocarbon.

Single covalent bond: A bond formed by sharing one pair of electrons is called single covalent bond.

Double covalent bond: The bond which is formed by sharing two pairs of electrons is called double covalent bond.

Triple covalent bond: The bond which is formed by sharing three pair of electrons.

Homologous series: A group of organic compounds which has the same functional group but two successive members differ by a CH₂ group.

Functional group: an atom or group of atoms which determines the chemical behavior of organic compounds is called functional group.

Isomers: The organic compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.

Isomerism: The existence of two or more organic compounds having the same molecular formula but different structure.

Saturated hydrocarbon: The hydrocarbon in which all the carbon atoms are bonded through single covalent bond.

Unsaturated hydrocarbon: The hydrocarbon in which any two carbon atoms are bonded through double or triple covalent bond is called unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Alkanes: The saturated hydrocarbons in which the carbon atoms are bonded by only single covalent bond.

Alkenes: The unsaturated hydrocarbons in which any two carbon atoms are bonded by double covalent bond.

Alkynes: The unsaturated hydrocarbons in which any two carbon atoms are bonded by triple covalent bond.

Alkyl group: The hydrocarbon unit derived by the removal of one hydrogen atom from alkane is called alkyl group.

Alcohols: The organic compounds containing the hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a saturated carbon atom are known as alcohols.

Monohydric alcohol: The alcohol group containing only one hydroxyl group in a molecule.

Dihydric alcohol: The alcohol group containing two hydroxyl group in a molecule.

Trihydric alcohol: The alcohol group containing three hydroxyl group in a molecule.

Glycerol: The organic compounds containing three hydroxyl groups attached to three different carbon atoms.

Ether: The organic compounds in which an oxygen atom (-O-) is linked to two alkyl groups are called ethers.