Definitions (Hydrocarbons)
HYDROCARBONS
Hydrocarbon: Compounds of hydrogen and carbon are called
hydrocarbon.
Single covalent bond: A bond formed by sharing one pair of
electrons is called single covalent bond.
Double covalent bond: The bond which is formed by sharing two
pairs of electrons is called double covalent bond.
Triple covalent bond: The bond which is formed by sharing
three pair of electrons.
Homologous series: A group of organic compounds which has the
same functional group but two successive members differs by CH2
group.
Functional group: an atom or group of atoms which determines the
chemical behavior of organic compounds is called functional group.
Isomers: The organic compounds that have similar
molecular formula but different in structural formula.
Isomerism: The existence of two or more organic compounds
having the same molecular formula but different structure.
Saturated hydrocarbon: The hydrocarbon in which all the carbon
atoms are bonded through single covalent bond.
Unsaturated hydrocarbon: The hydrocarbon in which any two carbon
atoms are bonded through double or triple covalent bond is called unsaturated
hydrocarbon.
Alkanes: The saturated hydrocarbons in which the carbon
atoms are bonded by only single covalent bond.
Alkenes: The unsaturated hydrocarbons in which any two
carbon atoms are bonded by double covalent bond.
Alkynes: The unsaturated hydrocarbons in which any two
carbon atoms are bonded by triple covalent bond.
Alkyl group: The hydrocarbon unit derived by the removal of
one one hydrogen from alkane is called alkyl group.
Alcohols: The organic compounds containing the hydroxyl
group (-OH) attached to a saturated carbon atom are known as alcohols.
Monohydric alcohol: The alcohol group containing only one hydroxyl
group in a molecule.
Monohydric alcohol: The alcohol group containing only one hydroxyl
group in a molecule.
Dihydric alcohol: The alcohol group containing two hydroxyl
group in a molecule.
Trihydric alcohol: The alcohol group
containing three hydroxyl group in a molecule.
Glycerol: The organic compounds containing three
hydroxyl groups attached to three different carbon atoms.
Ether: The compound that contains the (-O-) in their molecules is
called ether.
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